Lizard, Cornwall - Horse Rock - postcard c.1920s

Postcard
• Picture / Image:  Horse Rock, on the Lizard, Cornwall - possibly a real photo type
• Publisher:  none stated
• Postally used:  no
• Stamp:  n/a
• Postmark(s):  n/a
• Sent to:  n/a
• Notes / condition: 

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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The Lizard (Cornish: An Lysardh) is a peninsula in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The most southerly point of the British mainland is near Lizard Point at grid reference SW 701,115. The Lizard is one of England's natural regions and has been designated as National Character Area 157 by Natural England.^[1]

The Lizard village, the most southerly village on the British mainland, is in Landewednack, the most southerly civil parish.

The peninsula measures approximately 14 miles (23 km) x 14 miles (23 km). It is situated southwest of Falmouth ten miles (16 km) east of Penzance.^[2][3]

The name ""Lizard"" is most probably a corruption of the Cornish name ""Lys Ardh"", meaning ""high court"";^[4] it is purely coincidental that much of the peninsula is composed of a rock called serpentinite. The Lizard peninsula's original name may have been the Celtic name ""Predannack"" (""British one"");^{[citation needed]} during the Iron Age (Pytheas c. 325 BC) and Roman period, Britain was known as Pretannike (in Greek) and as Albion (and Britons the ""Pretani"").

The Lizard's coast is particularly hazardous to shipping and the seaways round the peninsula were historically known as the ""Graveyard of Ships"" (see below). The Lizard Lighthouse was built at Lizard Point in 1752 and the RNLI operates The Lizard lifeboat station.

The Lizard lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

There is evidence of early habitation with several burial mounds and stones. Part of the peninsula is known as the Meneage (land of the monks). There are several towns and villages on the peninsula, some of which are covered below.

Helston once headed the estuary of the River Cober, before it was cut off from the sea by Loe Bar in the 13th century. It was a small port which exported tin and copper. Helston was certainly in existence in the sixth century.^{[citation needed]} The name comes from the Cornish ""hen lis"" or ""old court"" and ""ton"" added later to denote a Saxon manor; the Domesday Book refers to it as Henliston (which survives as the name of a road in the town). It was granted its charter by King John in 1201. It was here that tin ingots were weighed to determine the duty due to the Duke of Cornwall when a number of stannary towns were authorised by royal decree.

In the extreme south of the Lizard was the royal manor of Winnianton which was held by King William I at the time of Domesday Book (1086) and was also the head manor of the hundred of Kerrier. It was a large manor assessed as having 15 hides before 1066. At the time of Domesday there was land for 60 ploughs but in the lord's land there were 2 ploughs and in the lands held by villeins 24 ploughs. There were 24 villeins, 41 freedmen, 33 smallholders and 14 slaves. There were 6 acres of meadow, 8 square leagues of pasture and half a square league of woodland. The livestock was 14 unbroken mares, 3 cattle and 128 sheep; its value was £12 annually. Rinsey, Trelowarren, Mawgan-in-Meneage and 17 other lands are also recorded under Winnianton.^[5] By the 14th century, a hamlet of fishermen's dwellings had established itself around the cove at Porthleven, named from the old Cornish ""porth"" (harbour) and ""leven"" (level or smooth). It grew with miners and farmworkers; and building of a harbour began in 1811. In 1855 the harbour was deepened, and a boatbuilding industry began, lasting until recently. The port imported coal, limestone and timber, and exported tin, copper and china clay. The harbour also heralded the start of Porthleven's golden days of pilchard fishing.

Mullion has the 15th century church of St Mellanus, and the Old Inn from the 16th century. The harbour was completed in 1895 and financed by Lord Robartes of Lanhydrock as a recompense to the fishermen for several disastrous pilchard seasons.

The small church of St Peter in Coverack, built in 1885 for £500, has a serpentinite pulpit.

The Great Western Railway operated a road motor service to The Lizard from Helston railway station. Commencing on 17 August 1903, it was the first successful British railway-run bus service and was initially provided as a cheaper alternative to a proposed light railway.

In 1999, the Solar eclipse of 11 August 1999 departed the UK mainland from the Lizard.

type=real photographic (rp)

city/ region=lizard

period=inter-war (1918-39)

postage condition=unposted

number of items=single

size=standard (140x89 mm)