Salisbury, Wiltshire - Gate & High Street -Valentines real photo postcard c1930s

Postcard
• Picture / Image:  Tha Gate and High Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire - real photo postcard
• Publisher:  Valentines (222147 JV)
• Postally used:  no
• Stamp:  n/a
• Postmark(s): n/a
• Sent to:  n/a
• Notes / condition: 

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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Salisbury (/'s??lzbri/, SAWLZ-bree,^[1] /'s??lzb?r?/ SAWLZ-berry,^[1] /'s?lzbri/ SOLZ-bree, or locally /'s??zbri/) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, and the only city within the county. It is the second largest settlement in the county with a population of 40,302, between Chippenham at 35,800^[2] and Swindon at 209,156.^[3] It has also been called New Sarum /?nju? 's??r?m/ to distinguish it from the original site of settlement to the north of the city at Old Sarum, but this alternative name is not in common use.

The city is located in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. It sits at the confluence of five rivers: the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye and Bourne are tributary to the Avon, which flows to the south coast and into the sea at Christchurch, Dorset. Salisbury railway station serves the city, and is the crossing point between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line, making it a regional interchange.

Although the present city was not established until 1220, there has been a settlement in the area since prehistory. There is evidence of Neolithic settlement on the hilltop of Old Sarum, which became a hill fort in the Iron Age. The Romans called this fort ""Sorviodunum"" and may also have occupied the fort. The Saxons established themselves there called it ""Searesbyrig""^[4][5][6] and the Normans built a castle or ""Seresberi"". By 1086, in the Domesday Book, it was called ""Salesberie"".^[7]

The first Salisbury Cathedral was built on the hill by St Bishop Osmund between 1075 and 1092. A larger building was built on the same site circa 1120. However, deteriorating relations between the clergy and the military at Old Sarum led to the decision to re-site the cathedral elsewhere. Even in the 12th century, Peter of Blois had described the old church as ""a captive within the walls of the citadel like the ark of God in the profane house of Baal"". He made the appeal —

Let us descend into the plain! There are rich fields and fertile valleys abounding in the fruits of the earth and watered by the living stream. There is a seat for the Virgin Patroness of our church to which the world cannot produce a parallel.^[8]

The logic of this was inescapable, and in 1219 Richard Poore, the then Bishop of Sarum, decided to establish a new town and cathedral on an estate in his possession (confusingly known as Veteres Sarisberias — Old Salisburys) in the valley, on the banks of the River Avon. In 1220 the city of New Sarum, now known as Salisbury, was founded on a great meadow called 'Myrifield'.^[8] *

The town was laid out in a grid pattern, and work started in 1220, with the cathedral commencing the following year. The town developed rapidly, and by the 14th century was the foremost town in Wiltshire. The city wall surrounds the Close and was built in the 14th century.

There are five gates in the wall; four are original, known as the High Street Gate, St Ann's Gate, the Queen's Gate, and St Nicholas's Gate. A fifth was created in the 19th century to allow access to Bishop Wordsworth's School located inside the Cathedral Close. A room located above St Ann's Gate is where the composer Handel stayed, writing several works while there.

The building of the new cathedral was begun by Bishop Richard Poore in 1221. The main body was completed in only 38 years and is a masterpiece of Early English architecture. Some stones which make up the cathedral came from Old Sarum, others from the Chilmark Quarries from where they were most likely moved to the cathedral building site by ox-cart. The existence of many water-mills and weirs probably prevented transport via boats on the River Nadder. The 123 m (404 ft) tall spire was built later and is the tallest spire in the UK.

The cathedral is built on a gravel bed with unusually shallow foundations of 18 inches (46 cm) upon wooden faggots; the site is supposed to have been selected by shooting an arrow from Old Sarum, although this can only be legend as the distance is over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). It is sometimes claimed the arrow hit a white deer, which continued to run and died on the spot where the Cathedral now exists. The cathedral contains the best preserved of the four surviving copies of the Magna Carta and a large mechanical clock installed in the cathedral in 1386 – the oldest surviving mechanical clock in Britain.

The original site of the city at Old Sarum fell into disuse. Old Sarum was a rotten borough that was abolished in 1832 as at the time, one MP represented three households. The bury element is a form of borough, which has cognates in words and place names throughout the Germanic languages. For a fuller explanation, see borough.

The origins of the name ""Sarum"" are obscure. It most likely derives from the fact that Sarum came into use when documents were written in contracted Latin. It was easier to write Sar with a stroke over the ""r"", than write the complete word ""Saresberie"". That mark was also the common symbol for the Latin termination ""um"". Hence ""Sar"" with a stroke over the r was copied as ""SarUM"". One of the first known uses of ""Sarum"" is on the seal of Saint Nicholas Hospital, Salisbury, which was in use in 1239. Bishop Wyville (1330–1375) was the first Bishop to describe himself ""episcopus Sarum"".^[9]

In May 1289, there was uncertainty about the future of Margaret, Maid of Norway, and her father sent ambassadors to Edward I of England. Edward met Robert the Bruce and others at Salisbury in October 1289, which resulted in the Treaty of Salisbury, under which Margaret would be sent to Scotland before 1 November 1290 and any agreement on her future marriage would be delayed until she was in Scotland.^[10]

type=real photographic (rp)

city/ region=salisbury

period=inter-war (1918-39)

publisher=valentines

postage condition=unposted

number of items=single

size=standard (140x89mm)