Russell, Bay of Islands, New Zealand - general view - postcard 1980s

Postcard
• Picture / Image:  Russell in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand - general view
• Publisher:  Colourview Publications Ltd.
• Postally used:  no - message but not posted
• Stamp:  n/a
• Postmark(s):  n/a
• Sent to:  n/a
• Notes / condition: 

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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Russell, formerly known as Kororareka, was the first permanent European settlement and sea port in New Zealand. It is situated in the Bay of Islands, in the far north of the North Island. As at the 2006 Census it had a resident population of 816, an increase of 12 from 2001.^[1] Much of the accommodation in the area consists of holiday homes or tourist accommodation.

When European and American ships began visiting New Zealand in the early 1800s, the indigenous Maori quickly recognised there were great advantages in trading with these strangers, whom they called tauiwi.^[2] The Bay of Islands offered a safe anchorage and had a high Maori population. To attract ships, Maori began to supply food and timber. What Maori wanted were respect, plus firearms, alcohol, and other goods of European manufacture.

Kororareka developed as a result of this trade but soon earned a very bad reputation, a community without laws and full of prostitution, and became known as the ""Hell Hole of the Pacific"",^[3] despite the translation of its name being ""How sweet is the penguin"", (korora meaning blue penguin and reka meaning sweet).^[4] European law had no influence and Maori law was seldom enforced within the town's area. Fighting on the beach at Kororareka in March, 1830, between northern and southern hapu within the Ngapuhi iwi, became known as the Girls’ War.

On 30 January 1840 at the Christ Church, Governor Hobson read his Proclamations (which were the beginnings of the Treaty of Waitangi) in the presence of a number of settlers and the Maori chief, Moka Te Kainga-mataa. A document confirming what had happened was signed at this time by around forty witnesses; including Moka, the only Maori signatory. The following week, the Treaty proceedings would then move across to the Western side of the bay to Waitangi.^[5]

By this time, Kororareka was an important mercantile centre and served as a vital resupply port for whaling and sealing operations. When the Colony of New Zealand was founded in that year, Hobson was reluctant to choose Kororareka as his capital, due to its bad reputation. Instead he purchased land at Okiato, situated five kilometres to the south, and renamed it Russell in honour of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord John Russell. Captain Hobson soon decided that the move to the Okiato site was a mistake, and Auckland was selected as the new capital not long after.^[6]

Kororareka was part of the Port of Russell and after Russell (Okiato) became virtually deserted, Kororareka gradually became known as Russell also. In January 1844, Governor Robert FitzRoy officially designated Kororareka as part of the township of Russell. Today the name Russell applies only to Kororareka while the former capital is known either by its original name of Okiato or as Old Russell.

At the beginning of the Flagstaff War in 1845 (touched off by the repeated felling and re-erection of the symbol of British Sovereignty on Flagstaff Hill above the town), the town of Kororareka / Russell was sacked by Hone Heke, after diversionary raids drew away the British defenders. The flagstaff was felled for the fourth time, and the inhabitants fled aboard British ships, which then shelled and destroyed most of the houses.^[7] Hone Heke directed his warriors not to interfere with Christ Church^[8] and the Pompallier Mission.

In 1841–42, Jean Baptiste Pompallier established a Roman Catholic mission in Russell, which contained a printing press for the production of Maori-language religious texts. His building, known as Pompallier Mission, remains in the care of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.

type=printed postcards

theme=topographical: rest of the world

sub-theme=oceania / australasia

county/ country=new zealand

number of items=single

period=1945 - present

postage condition=unposted