Exmouth, Devon - from cliffs - Jarrold postcard c.1960s

• Postcard

   

• Picture / Image:  Exmouth from the cliffs [Devon]
• Publisher: Jarrold (Cotman Color) No. KEXM 111
• Postally used: no
• Stamp:  n/a
• Postmark(s): na
• Sent to:  n/a
• Notes / condition: 

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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Exmouth /ˈɛksməθ/ is a port town, civil parish and seaside resort, sited on the east bank of the mouth of the River Exe and 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Exeter.

In 2011 it had a population of 34,432,[2] making Exmouth the 5th most populous settlement in Devon.

History

Byzantine coins with the mark of Anastasius I, dating back to c. 498–518, were retrieved from the beach in 1970.[3] More recent human occupation of Exmouth Point can be traced back to the 11th century,[4] when it was known as Lydwicnaesse, "the point of the Bretons".[4] The town appears on the 13th century Peutinger Map as one of only 15 British towns and the second most westerly town overall to appear on that Roman Era map.

The two ecclesiastical parishes, Littleham and Withycombe Raleigh, that make up the town of Exmouth today can be traced to pre-Saxon times. The name of the town derives from its location at the mouth of the River Exe estuary, which ultimately comes from an ancient Celtic word for fish.[4]

In 1240 an area known as Pratteshuthe[4][5] (Pratt’s landing place) was sold to the mayor and citizens of Exeter.[4] This was the site of the estuary’s ferry dock and over time the name evolved first into Pratteshide,[4] then Mona Island. The original site is marked by a seating area outside the Glenorchy United Reformed Church close to the Magnolia Shopping Centre.[6]

For some centuries, commercial trade through the port was limited in part by the shallow waters on the approach to the quay, but mainly by the power of Exeter, which owned the dock and controlled all estuary traffic.[4] The roads in and out of the area were in a poor state and only occasionally repaired by the parishes through which they ran.[4] A more permanent dock was built in 1825,[4] replacing a series of apparently seasonal docks first noted on maps from 1576 as "The Docke".[4] New docks designed by Eugenius Birch were opened in 1868, and a short line connected them to the railway goods yard.[7] The area adjacent to the docks once housed a thriving community of some 125 chalets built on the shoreline. These have been replaced by a residential marina complex known as Exmouth Quay.

Human habitation was restricted by the harsh exposed position on the estuary – civilisation took a hold in a greater and more permanent way in the more comfortable outer lying rural areas. The town began to develop in the 13th century.[4] Morin Uppehille owned the land, granting part of it to John the Miller who in turn built a windmill, and earned his living on the exposed point, aided by the prevailing south-west winds. The windmill, the ferry dock and a small settlement of farms began to develop into Exmouth.[4]

Sir Walter Raleigh (born 1544) sailed on many of his voyages from Exmouth Harbour.

In the mid 17th century the area suffered from the ravages of "Turkish pirates"[4] (actually Algerian rovers), who raided the Devon and Cornwall coastlines, attacking shipping and attempting to capture sailors and villagers for sale as slaves in North Africa.

The town established itself during the 18th century and is regarded as the oldest holiday resort in Devon. Visitors prevented from visiting Europe by the revolutionary turmoil in France were attracted by the views and medicinal salt waters which were then fashionable.[4] Exmouth was renowned as a destination for the wealthy to recover their health. Notable visitors in this time included Lady Byron and her daughter Ada Lovelace.[4] Exmouth was also the residence of Lady Nelson, the estranged wife of Lord Nelson. She is buried in Littleham Churchyard.[4]

High class tourism remained steady for a number of years. This changed when the first railway line into Exmouth was built in 1861,[8] bringing with it mass tourism. It is from this "golden age" for Exmouth that the present form of the town can be traced.

Architecture

Exmouth has a wide range of architecture, ranging from small cob cottages in parts of the town that were once villages and are now incorporated into it, such as Withycombe, to the Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian town houses. The seafront has a traditional promenade. High above the promenade is the Beacon terrace, which first became fashionable in Georgian times.

The majority of buildings in Exmouth were constructed during the Victorian era with the arrival of the railway. The area to the west of Exeter Road is land that was reclaimed by the railway, Exeter Road originally being part of the seafront. Some houses near to the station in Littleham were constructed for the workers on the railway.

Demography and economy

In addition to its substantial summer tourist trade, Exmouth serves as a regional centre for leisure industries, particularly water sports such as sailing, kite sailing, paddleboarding, jet-skiing, and wind-surfing, and outdoor activities such as bird-watching, cycling and walking. The Exe Estuary is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and is noted in particular for its wading and migrating birds. A large part of the estuary lies within a nature reserve. Exmouth marks the western end of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, which stretches eastwards along the coast to Poole, in Dorset; the South West Coast Path allows for walking along this coast. The town is also at the western end of the East Devon Way path that leads to Lyme Regis.