Braintree, Essex - multiview RP postcard, local pmk 1962

Postcard
• Picture / Image:  Braintree, Essex - multiview postcard: St. Michael's Church / Town Hall / The Gardens / Bocking End / Hih Street / Bank Street /
• Publisher:  St. Albans series real photo type
• Postally used:  yes
• Stamp:  GB 1d blue + 1&half d. green Wilding defins.
• Postmark(s):  Braintree 13 April 1962 wavy line cancel
• Sent to:  Spring Gardens, Spalding, Lincolnshire
• Notes / condition: 

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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Braintree is a town consisting of about 42,000 people and the principal settlement of the Braintree district of Essex in the East of England. It is 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Chelmsford and 15 miles (24 km) west of Colchester on the River Blackwater, A120 road and a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line.

Braintree has grown contiguous with several surrounding settlements: Braintree proper lies to the south of Stane Street, and Bocking lies to the north. The two together can be referred to as Braintree and Bocking, although many people refer to them together as ""Braintree""^{[citation needed]}.

Braintree is twinned with the French town of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine.^[2]

Braintree, Massachusetts, United States, was named after the town in 1640.^[2]

The origin of the name Braintree is obscure. One theory is that Braintree was originally Branoc's tree, Branoc apparently being an old personal name. Another theory is that the name is derived from that of Rayne, which was actually a more important settlement in Norman times. Braintree, Essex was also called Brantry and Branchetreu^{[citation needed]} in the Domesday Book and this means ""town by the river"". The River Braint is another possible origin. ""Tree"" comes from the Saxon suffix, more usually spelt ""try"", denoting a big village. In many early American Colonial documents, it is referred to as Branktry. The name ""Braint"" is well attested as a river name in Britain; there is a river of that name in Anglesey, and it may be conjectured that it was the name of the Blackwater in pre Saxon times, although the Celtic name ""Bran"" is also used widely for rivers (derived from the British word for a crow and thought to refer to the dark or crow-black appearance of such a river, making it a good fit for a river now called ""Blackwater""). Here again, the reference to a river would indicate that Braintree literally means ""town (or village) by the river"". The suffix to either Braint or Bran is the common Britonnic ""Tre"" widely found in Wales and Cornwall, but also noted in towns such as Daventree, with the meaning of initially a farm or settlement and later a town. Another variation can be seen in various Medieval Latin legal records, where it appears as ""Branktre""^[3]

Braintree dates back over 4,000 years when it was just a small village. When the Romans invaded, they built two roads; a settlement developed at the junction of these two roads but was later abandoned when the Romans left Britain.^[2] The town was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1085 when it was called Branchetreu and consisted of 30 acres (120,000 m²) in the possession of Richard, son of Count Gilbert.^[4] Pilgrims used the town as a stop-over, the size of the town increased and the Bishop of London obtained a market charter for the town in 1190.^[2] The town prospered from the 17th century when Flemish immigrants made the town famous for its wool cloth trade.^[2] In 1665, the Great Plague killed 865 of the population of just 2,300 people.^[2] The wool trade died out in the early 19th century and Braintree became a centre for silk manufacturing when George Courtauld opened a silk mill in the town.^[2] By the mid 19th century, Braintree was a thriving agricultural and textile town, and benefited from a railway connection to London.^[2] The wealthy Courtauld family had a strong influence on the town, supporting plans for many of the town's public buildings such as the town hall and public gardens established in 1888.^[2]

Braintree lies in north Essex, about 40 miles (64 km) from London, with factories and housing to the south and rural areas to the north, where arable crops are grown.^[2] It lies about 150 feet (46 m) above sea level.^[5] Essex is rather flat on the whole, and the Braintree area is no exception; however, there is a general downward trend in the height of the ground from the northwest towards the coast to the southeast. Two rivers flow through Braintree in this direction. Pod's Brook approaches the western side of the town, forming a natural boundary between Braintree and the neighbouring village of Rayne about two miles (3 km) to the west. Pod's Brook becomes the River Brain as it passes under the Roman road, before running through the southern part of Braintree. The River Pant (or Blackwater) runs roughly parallel to it, through the north of Bocking, Essex and away to the east of the town. The Brain eventually flows into the Blackwater several miles away, near Witham.

type=real photographic (rp)

theme=topographical: british

sub-theme=england

county/ country=essex

number of items=single

period=1945 - present

postage condition=posted