Selsey & Church Norton, W Sussex - St Peter's & St. Wilfrid's churces - postcard

Postcard
• Picture / Image:  St. Peter's Church, Selsey and St. Wilfrid's Chapel, [Church] Norton, West Sussex - artist drawn
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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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St Peter's Church is the Parish Church of Selsey, West Sussex and dates from the 13th century. The Church building was originally situated at the location of St Wilfrid's first monastery and cathedral at Church Norton some 2 miles north of the present centre of population.^[1]

The church was at Church Norton until 1864, and at that date it consisted of two arcades of three bays each between the nave and the aisles, of the late 12th century; it had barely been finished when it was decided to lengthen the church by one bay westward.^[1] The chancel was of slightly later date, early 13th century. The date when the tower was begun is unknown. A sacristy or flanking chapel on the north of the chancel had disappeared before the 19th century.

The chancel (which still remains at Church Norton) has clasping buttresses at each east corner, a small buttress (apparently modern) near the west end of the north wall, and buttresses (the remains of the east walls of the aisles) to north and south of the west wall.^[2]

The east window is of three trefoil-headed lights with Perpendicular tracery, perhaps late 14th century; the rear-arch may be that of a former lancet triplet.^[2]

In the south wall are two pointed-headed niches with chamfered arrises, the eastern is now a credence, the western a piscina; though the style of these suggests a later date than the 13th century the original moulded string-course which runs round the south, east, and north sides of the chancel rises to clear them.^[2] Next are two 13th-century lancets with segmental rear-arches, and a priest's doorway with plain pointed exterior arch, 13th century but much repaired with cement, and segmental rear-arch; this is now blocked externally, and its recess serves as a cupboard. Next is a two-light window without tracery, the lights having semicircular heads, perhaps a 17th-century enlargement to light a reading-desk, the inner part of the splay and the rear-arch being those of a 13th-century lancet.^[2]

In the north wall are two lancets like those in the south; perhaps a third, now blocked, exists west of them. On the outside of this wall there is a weather-mould where the roof of a building adjoined it on the north.^[2]

By the middle of the 19th century the population had drifted away to Sutton (modern day Selsey), largely because of coastal erosion. It was therefore decided to move the church to the new centre of population. In 1864–66 the church was dismantled stone by stone and re-erected in its present position, only the chancel remaining at Church Norton. This is now styled St Wilfrid's Chapel, and is in the care of a national charity, the Churches Conservation Trust. A new Victorian chancel was added to the re-erected mediaeval nave.^[2]

The church has a chalice dating from Elizabethan times and also an ancient font. Ian Nairn dated the font as being constructed at around 1100.^[3] However this was seen as a little early by other historians. The font, which is made of Purbeck marble, Heron-Allen suggests was of a type that was very common in the south east counties in the 12th century, having shallow bodies with circular basins standing upon a square base and supported by a large central and small angle shafts.^[4] Architect Philip Mainwaring Johnston was responsible for the reredos.^[5]

According to Bede, St Wilfrid, the exiled Bishop of York, c. 680-81 evangelised the South Saxons during his stay there (c. 680-86).^[6] Wilfrid founded a monastery at Selsey, a former royal estate given to him by King Aethelwealh at the entrance to Pagham Harbour (modern-day Church Norton).^[7] After Caedwalla conquered the South Saxons c. 685, the area became part of the Diocese of Wessex, with its seat in Winchester. However, the bishopric of Sussex was re-established in about 705, and Wilfrid's monastery was taken over as the episcopal seat.^[8]

A picture painted by Lambert Bernard, which hangs in Chichester Cathedral, represents the interview between Caedwalla and St Wilfrid. In the top left corner can be seen a representation of Selsey Church and the priory as it appeared in 1519.^[7] Some historians, however, have speculated that it is possible the tower on the earthwork, was built by the Normans as part of a motte and bailey fortification close to the church.^[9]

In 1075, the See was transferred to Chichester. The location of the old Selsey cathedral is not known for certain, and although some local legends suggest it is under the sea, and that the bell could be heard tolling during rough weather, it is thought unlikely.^[10] A more likely explanation is that the replacement church, founded in the 13th century, was built on the site of the old cathedral.^[11][12] There it remained until 1864-66, when all but the chancel was moved to the new centre of population in Selsey, where it was orientated North rather than East. The chancel that remains at Church Norton was dedicated to St Wilfrid in 1917 and is known as St Wilfrid's Chapel. The new parish church, complete with a new chancel, was consecrated on 12 April 1866.^[13]

St Wilfrid's Chapel, also known as St Wilfrid's Church and originally as St Peter's Church, is a former Anglican church at Church Norton, a rural location near the village of Selsey in West Sussex, England. In its original, larger form, the church served as Selsey's parish church from the 13th century until the mid 1860s; when half of it was dismantled, moved to the centre of the village and rebuilt along with modern additions. Only the chancel of the old church survived in its harbourside location of ""sequestered leafiness"",^[1] resembling a cemetery chapel in the middle of its graveyard. It was rededicated to St Wilfrid—7th-century founder of a now vanished cathedral at Selsey—and served as a chapel of ease until the Diocese of Chichester declared it redundant in 1990. Since then it has been in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust charity. The tiny chapel, which may occupy the site of an ancient monastery built by St Wilfrid,^[2] is protected as a Grade I Listed building

The parish of Selsey is in the far southwestern corner of Sussex and was once an island: the English Channel lies to the east and south, and Pagham Harbour forms the northern boundary and originally had a connection to the sea on the west side as well. Two settlements developed in the parish: the main village (Selsey) and a hamlet called Church Norton (or Norton) about 1 ¹/₂ miles (2.4 km) to the northeast,^[3] on the ""wild shoreline"" of Pagham Harbour.^[4][5]

This land is considered the most likely site of Cymenshore, the place where Ælle of Sussex—the first King of the South Saxons—came ashore in 477.^[3] Two centuries later, Wilfrid (later canonised as Saint Wilfrid) Christianised the area, using Selsey as his base. He was apparently granted land on the island in the 7th century,^[6] upon which he founded a monastery in 681. This later became a cathedral,^[6] and 25 bishops served between 681 and 1075.^[7] Coastal erosion destroyed the small cathedral city soon afterwards, though,^[8] and nearby Chichester—a former Roman walled city—became the local ecclesiastical centre when the Normans established Chichester Cathedral.^[9]

Although the monastery disappeared by the 11th century, its site was not eroded by the sea and survived as a ""delightfully secluded location""^[1] on what had become a peninsula.^[3] By the late 12th century,^[3] a church occupied the isolated site; some sources suggest it may have replaced a Saxon building, but no evidence of this survives.^[7] The church had an aisled and arcaded nave, chancel, bellcot, porch and tower at its greatest extent.^[3][4][7] The arcades to the original three-bay nave were the oldest structural element, dating from about 1180.^[4] Soon after these were installed, the nave was extended by a further bay. The chancel was added in the early 13th century and had plain lancet windows in the side walls.^[1][3] An east window in the Perpendicular Gothic style was added later,^[1][5] as were windows in the aisles (inserted in the 15th century), and a tower with diagonal buttresses was erected at the west end in the 16th century.^[4]

Selsey village grew after 670 acres (271 ha) of common land were enclosed in 1830: new roads and housing were built, and it became a minor seaside resort. Church Norton's remoteness from the centre of population encouraged the construction of a new church on Selsey High Street.^[3] The old church, which at this time was still dedicated to St Peter,^[3] was partly demolished—only its chancel was left standing—and some of the material was incorporated in the new church, also called St Peter's Church and designed by J.P. St Aubyn.^[4] The year in which this happened is given variously as 1864,^{[2][3][5][10]} 1865^{[4][11][12][13]} and 1866.^[7][14]

According to Edward Heron-Allen a meeting was held in the vestry of the old church, on 1 July 1864, with eight people and the rector in attendance.^[15] The purpose of the meeting was to authorise the raising of £600 towards the expenses of the removal of the church.^[15] The remainder of the cost was to be paid by the Lady of the Manor, a Mrs Vernon-Harcourt.^[15] Mrs Vernon-Harcourt also presented the village with a site for the new church.^[15] However, the scheme was opposed by some as they did not want to see the disappearance of a fine old Early-English church; it was therefore agreed that the old church, apart from the chancel, should be moved to the new site stone by stone.^[15] On 24 November 1864, the churchwardens and overseers borrowed £600 required to make up the cost of removal under an act of Parliament, and the removal was started.^[15] The building work was completed in 1865, and the new church reconsecrated on 12 April 1866.^[15]

Structural elements and fittings moved from Church Norton to the new parish church included a Norman-era font,^[8] pillars, arches and and three bays of pointed-arched arcading from the nave,^[4][7][13] a bell cast in 1844 by Mears & Co. of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry,^[3] and some Eucharistic objects from the 16th to the 18th centuries.^[12] The arcading had chamfering and scallop-shaped capitals.^[4]

The old church functioned as a cemetery chapel for the next few decades, standing in the middle of its graveyard. In 1906, it was fitted out with some internal fixtures from the recently demolished St Martin's Church at Chichester, including a font,^[3] and in 1917 the church was rededicated to St Wilfrid by the Bishop of Chichester.^[13] By this time the chapel was within the parish of the new St Peter's Church,^[13] Some services continued, and stained glass was added in 1969 and 1982.^[10] In 1990, the chapel was declared redundant by the Diocese of Chichester,^[16] and services ceased except for special occasions.^[14]

The church was the subject of a poem by Rudyard Kipling. Eddi's Service, from the 1910 book Rewards and Fairies, describes how Eddi the priest was determined to celebrate Midnight Mass one stormy Christmas Eve despite no parishioners attending. ""I must go on with the service/For such as care to attend"" he announced; and when the candles were lit for the start of the service, an old donkey and a ""wet, yoke-weary bullock"" wandered in to the church and stayed until dawn broke, listening to Eddi preaching.^[2][17] The tale is apocryphal—and may have been based on a traditional story local to the Manhood Peninsula^[2]—but Wilfrid's own chaplain during his ministry at Selsey was Eddius Stephanus (Stephen of Ripon), which inspired the name of the priest.^[13]

Originally the church had an aisled nave with a four-bay arcade (three bays dating from the 1180s and another added about 50 years later), a porch and a 16th-century tower with diagonal buttresses.^[4][7] This was never finished and stood only 8 feet (2.4 m) high.^[3] The remaining chancel of the church is a simple Early English Gothic building with original lancet windows in the north and south walls.^[1][5] The three-light east window dates from the 15th century and is Perpendicular Gothic in style.^[1][4][5] Traces of the former chancel arch and the responds of the arcades are still visible on the west wall.^[3][14] The fact that the church is ""divided into two halves and standing in two different places"" has led to it being described as ""one of the oddest in England"".^[14]

There are two recesses in the south wall, one of which is used as a piscina.^[4][5] Another ancient fixture that remains is a roughly executed^[14] carving of John Lewis (or Lews)^[3] and his wife Agnes, dated 1537. In the form of a triptych, it shows them kneeling and facing a central panel which has now been defaced beyond recognition but which would have shown a Crucifixion or Trinity scene.^[4] It occupies a recess in the north wall and is carved from Caen stone.^[5] Next to it, another carving depicts St George and the ""gruesome martyrdom"" of St Agatha.^[5][10][11] Ian Nairn described its style as characteristic of the area and its date: ""combining kneeling figures with purely Gothic and purely religious subjects"".^[1]

The 20th-century stained glass consists of a 1969 window by Carl Edwards, commemorating women and featuring an image of the now demolished All Saints Cathedral in Cairo, and a 1982 piece by Michael Farrar-Bell which portrays the nature reserve at Pagham Harbour and its animals and birds.^[5][10]

type=printed postcards

theme=topographical: british

sub-theme=england

county/ country=sussex

number of items=single

period=1945 - present

postage condition=unposted