Olhão, Portugal - Trawlers (fishing boats), harbour - postcard c.1960s

• Postcard

   

• Picture / Image:  Olhão (Portugal) - Trawlers in Harbour
• Publisher: Fernando P. de Carvalho
• Postally used: no
• Stamp:  n/a
• Postmark(s): n/a
• Sent to:  n/a
• Notes / condition: slight foxing on reverse

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Text from the free encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA may appear below to give a little background information (internal links may not  work) :

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Olhão (Portuguese pronunciation: [oˈʎɐ̃w] (About this soundlisten)), officially known as Olhão da Restauração, is a municipality and urban community in the Algarve region of southern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 45,396,[1] in an area of 130.86 km².[2] Located near the regional capital Faro, it is a fishing port, home of the Bela brand sardines and Conserveira do Sul's Manná range of processed fish products. Along with Faro, Loulé, and Tavira, Olhão forms a conurbation with the city of Faro, from the eastern and central Algarve.

Since pre-history, Olhão has had vestiges of human occupation, although the oldest written record dates only from 1378, referring to a place called Olham.[3] The estuary and abundance of water were decisive factors that influenced fishermen, at the beginning of the 17th century, to congregate along the beach of Olhão.[3] The settlement developed even as officials in Faro discouraged concentration along this coast.[3] Yet, the growth of activity here was impulsed by the protection, after the middle of the 17th century, offered by the Fortress of São Lourenço, which guarded the coast and entrance to the estuary, discouraging attacks from corsairs.[3]

The incremental growth of the fishery along the coast and sea, and commercial enterprises associated their growth, provoked a leap in population.[3] As a result, in 1695, the residents requested from the Bishop of Faro, that Olhão should be de-annexed from the parish of Quelfes: resulting in the formation of the parish of Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Olhão.[3]

During the French occupation of the Algarve, during the Peninsular Wars, Olhão was notable for one of the few public uprisings against the occupiers, occurring on 16 June 1808.[3] This revolt culminated in the expulsion of the French from Olhão and, as a result, from the rest of the Algarve.[3] It was during this period, that a month later, a small group of 17 men embarked to Brazil on a caique (a small sailing vessel) named Bom Sucesso, in the hope of promoting the Algarvean success to the Portuguese Court.[3] The crew brought an ex-official statement describing the audacious attitude of the Olhanese revolt.[3] A replica of the boat is moored at Olhão's waterfront.

In recompense, a regal charter (with the force of law) was signed by the Prince Regent John to distinguish Olhão, and its inhabitants, transforming the location from a locality to town, and ordering that it be referred to as Vila de Olhão da Restauração.[3] The transformation, resulted in the creation of a new municipality, with local autonomy, beginning in 1826.[3] In this year, the municipal council hall was erected and a juiz de fora was instituted to preside over the councilmen.[3]

In 1835, the parish of Moncarapacho began to function as a suburb of Olhão, and in the following year, the municipal council took control of the parishes of Olhão, Quelfes, Pechão and part of Moncarapacho.[3]

A judicial division of Portugal in 1874, resulted in the definitive demarcation of the municipality of Olhão, constituted by the five parishes of Olhão, Moncarapacho, Quelfes, Pechão and Fuseta.[3]

Over time the small town of fishermen grew into an economic, social and urban centre, resulting in its elevation in city in 1985.[3] In recent years, it has also developed a growing tourist industry.

Physical geography

The municipality is confronted on the east and north by the municipality of Tavira, to the west by the municipality of Faro and in the south by the Atlantic Ocean.[4] It is located within the morphological sub-regions of the Barrocal and coast. In the Barrocal, the municipality is limited in the north by the old massif and south with the sand-stones of the Mesozoic.[4] These lines, follow an ancient beach and coast, justifying the existence of the sedimentary deposits (sand-stones) over the ancient massif. The coast, constituted by a sub-zone of more recent materials, Quaternary or Neogenic in age.[4] These deposits came to rest over sand-stones and marls that comprise the coastal Mesocenozoic, a young relief, that is little accented, aided by a platform that includes superficial lavas.[4]